There is a strong and growing demand for software testers. Automation, performance, and security testing are becoming more and more important, even though manual testing skills are still useful. Testers can maintain their competitiveness in the job market by upskilling in these areas. Improve your confidence and understanding with our popular questions for software testing interviews with answers. Explore our software testing course syllabus.
Software Testing Interview Questions for Freshers
Here are the basic software testing interview questions and answers:
1. What is software testing?
Software testing is the procedure that evaluates a program to make sure it functions exactly as intended. Finding errors and other problems in the software at different phases of development is part of it.
2. What are the different types of so ftware testing?
The various types of software testing are, manual testing, automated testing, regression testing, security testing, usability testing, and functional and non-functional testing.
3. What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification checks against requirements to make sure a product is constructed correctly. Reviewing documentation and designs without running code is part of this static approach.
Validation verifies that the correct product was created by comparing it to user requirements. User input and testing are part of this continuous process.
In simple words, while validation makes sure the right product is developed (e.g., testing to fulfill user demands), verification makes sure the product is built correctly (e.g., reviews, walkthroughs).
4. What is a test case?
A test case is a collection of actions, information, and circumstances used to evaluate the precision and quality of an application or piece of software. A crucial step in the software development process is creating test cases.
5. What is exploratory testing?
Exploratory testing is an unscripted method in which testers look for flaws in the program without using pre-written test cases. A software testing technique called exploratory testing entails concurrently creating, running, and learning about tests. It’s frequently characterized as random or unorganized.
6. What is regression testing?
Regression testing ensures that updates to the code don’t negatively impact already-existing functionality. It is a type of software testing called regression testing that makes sure that updates to a program don’t interfere with already-existing features. In the software development cycle, it is an essential component.
7. What is a bug report?
A document that details an issue with a software program is called a bug report. It serves as a means of communication for testers, developers, and other interested parties.
A bug report is a written description of a defect that includes information on how to reproduce it, the expected and actual consequences, and the severity of the issue.
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8. What is boundary value analysis?
A software testing method called boundary value analysis (BVA) checks the limits of input values. It’s a black-box testing technique used to find software bugs. This method of testing involves creating test cases that contain values at the limits of input domains (minimum, maximum, etc.).
9. What is automation testing?
The process of using software to run tests and verify software functionality automatically is known as automation testing. It is an essential component of software development that raises the precision and effectiveness of testing. It increases efficiency and decreases manual labor by executing test cases using tools and scripts.
10. Name some popular automation testing tools.
JUnit, TestNG, Cypress, Katalon Studio, Selenium, Appium, and Postman.
11. What is Selenium?
An open-source automated testing framework called Selenium verifies web apps on various platforms and browsers. It is employed to test web applications’ functionality. Selenium is limited to testing web applications; it is unable to test desktop or mobile applications.
12. What are the challenges of automation testing?
Prioritizing test cases, maintaining test data, and choosing the right tools are some of the challenges associated with automation testing. It also has limitations in testing visual or UX aspects, high initial setup costs, and test script maintenance.
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13. What is performance testing?
Performance testing assesses an application’s stability, speed, and responsiveness under load. It is one technique for software testing that assesses an application’s performance under various circumstances is performance testing. It’s an essential stage in guaranteeing the quality of software and ensuring that it fulfills customer expectations.
14. What are the types of performance testing?
Performance testing comes in a variety of forms, including load, stress, and volume testing. These tests help in finding problems and enhancing an application’s functionality. These include endurance, load, stress, and spike tests.
15. What is load testing?
Performance testing that examines a system’s behavior under a certain load is called load testing. By simulating actual system usage, it can detect problems such as latency, crashes, and delayed page loads.
Websites, web apps, APIs, and other systems may all be tested using load testing. A system’s performance under typical and high usage scenarios can be evaluated using load testing.
16. What is stress testing?
Stress testing assesses how well the system performs in harsh circumstances that exceed its capabilities. In order to evaluate a system’s performance and stability, stress testing entails subjecting it to extreme circumstances. It is applicable to a wide range of industries, such as software engineering, healthcare, and finance.
17. Name some performance testing tools.
Apache JMeter, NeoLoad, Gatling, LoadRunner, WebLOAD, BlazeMeter, Locust, and LoadNinja are a few well-known performance testing tools.
18. What tools are used for API testing?
Software that helps in testing application programming interfaces (APIs) is known as an API testing tool. They can assist testers and developers in enhancing the functionality, performance, and quality of APIs. JMeter, Apache Bench, Testigma, RestAssured, Postman, and SoapUI.
19. What is an HTTP status code?
A three-digit number that a server provides to a browser in response to a request is known as an HTTP status code. The code provides information about the request’s outcome, including whether it was successful or unsuccessful.
An API request’s response status is indicated by an HTTP status code (e.g., 200 for success, 404 for not found, 500 for server error).
20. What is security testing?
The practice of assessing a system or application’s security is known as security testing. It is an essential component of software testing that assists in locating and addressing security flaws before they become an issue. To guarantee data safety, security testing finds a software application’s risks, threats, and vulnerabilities.
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Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced
Here are the advanced software testing interview questions and answers:
1. What is JSON?
Data can be stored and exchanged using a text-based format called JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). Data is transferred between a server and a web page using this standard format for web applications. The JSON is used for web apps, data analytics, software engineering, and authorization.
Because JSON is both machine-parsable and human-readable, it is simple to understand and troubleshoot. Additionally, because it is language-independent, it can be utilized on a variety of platforms and programming languages.
2. What is SQL injection?
An attack known as SQL injection (SQLi) enables hackers to introduce malicious code into a database. Sensitive information, such user lists or financial data, may be stolen as a result.
We can prevent SQL injections using filter inputs, parameterized queries, prepared statements, limit database access, update software, using least privilege access, and monitoring the audit.
3. What is cross-site scripting (XSS)?
A web security attack known as cross-site scripting (XSS) is inserting malicious code into an application or website. When a user interacts with the website, this code is then run, giving the attacker access to the user’s data. XSS is a flaw that allows hackers to insert malicious scripts into websites that other users are viewing.
4. What is penetration testing?
A penetration test, sometimes referred to as a pen test, simulates an attack on a computer system in order to evaluate its security. It entails identifying and showcasing system flaws using the same instruments and methods as attackers.
5. Name some security testing tools.
Some prominent security testing tools include: Metasploit, Burp Suite, Nmap, Sqlmap, Nessus, Wireshark, Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP), Acunetix, W3af, John the Ripper, Kali Linux, and OWASP ZAP.
6. What is Agile testing?
The Agile development framework is used in the software testing process known as “agile testing.” It’s a method for rapidly and continually testing code and immediately receiving consumer feedback.
The Agile development framework, a collection of approaches that emphasize tight feedback cycles and continuous improvement, includes agile testing.
7. What is the role of a tester in Agile?
By conducting continuous testing, giving quick feedback on features, and spotting problems early to allow for quick fixes, a tester actively collaborates with developers and stakeholders to ensure quality throughout the development cycle. All the while, the tester works closely with the development process to deliver high-quality software within each sprint.
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8. What is continuous testing?
Applications are tested at every level of development as part of the software development process known as continuous testing (CT). CT aids in the early detection and correction of problems, improving the end product’s quality. The technique of running automated tests as part of the CI/CD pipeline to give real-time feedback on code changes is known as continuous testing.
9. What is a CI/CD pipeline?
Software development teams employ a set of automated procedures called a CI/CD pipeline to design, test, and launch programs. Continuous integration and continuous delivery are referred to as CI/CD. Software development, testing, and deployment are all automated via the CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment) process.
10. What is shift-left testing?
A software development technique called “shift-left testing” places testing tasks earlier in the process. The objective is to find and address flaws as soon as feasible in order to raise the software’s quality. In order to find and address flaws sooner, shift-left testing entails testing early in the development lifecycle.
11. How would you test a login page?
Verify whether credentials are valid or invalid, password recovery, user interface components, error messages, and security (such as SQL injection).
12. What would you do if a bug is not reproducible?
The main steps to take if a bug is not reproducible:
- Gathering as much information as possible about the problem.
- Recording the steps taken to try to reproduce it
- Then communicating with the user or stakeholder to try and identify potential triggers or specific conditions that might be causing the bug to appear intermittently.
If the problem cannot be reproduced, consider closing the bug as “not reproducible” while noting the situation in the bug report.
In simple words, to find the underlying problem, collect more information (logs, screenshots), examine environment variations, and work with developers.
13. How do you prioritize test cases?
The technique of ranking test cases according to their significance and effect on the software is known as test case prioritization. This makes it possible to guarantee that the most important tests are executed first. Set priorities according to the feature’s complexity, frequency of use, business impact, and risk.
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14. What is API testing?
Application programming interfaces (APIs) are tested to make sure they satisfy performance, functionality, and reliability standards.
- API Testing is essential for testing automation.
- It facilitates more effective testing and quicker software delivery.
- It guarantees that APIs are operating correctly, which is crucial for businesses that depend on APIs to integrate apps and provide services.
15. What steps would you take to perform regression testing?
Regression testing can be carried out by following these steps:
- Understand changes: Recognize how the software will be affected by the upcoming modifications to the product.
- Identify requirements: Assess the magnitude of the changes and which app components require regression testing.
- Define test cases: Determine which features and elements will be impacted by the modifications.
- Prioritize test cases: Sort test cases according to their importance and usage frequency.
- Create test cases: Create a series of test cases to make sure that the program is operating as intended following modifications or upgrades.
- Execute test cases: Execute the test scenarios.
- Log Defects: Note any flaws discovered while running the test cases.
- Improve continuously: Utilize the test case outcomes to enhance the software.
16. What is the difference between severity and priority?
The bug’s severity, such as critical or major, indicates how much of an impact it has on the system. Priority (e.g., high, low) denotes the order in which the defect should be fixed.
| Severity | Priority |
| It determines the extent to which a problem impairs a system’s functionality. | It evaluates the impact a defect has on users or the organization. |
| It shows the severity of the impact. | It establishes the urgency of fixing a bug. |
| It helps in identifying who should be involved in resolving the problem. | It helps in deciding which bugs should be fixed first. |
| It is typically a measurement that is objective. | It is typically a metric that is subjective. |
| Not likely to change. | It may vary based on additional variables. |
17. How do you handle tight deadlines for testing?
We can perform the following to handle tight deadlines for testing:
- Prioritize critical test cases according to risk and impact in order to manage short testing deadlines.
- Communicate with the team effectively regarding progress and possible obstacles.
- Automate repetitive tasks when feasible; work with developers to optimize the testing process.
- Periodically reassess priorities to make sure the most crucial elements are covered in the allotted time.
18. What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?
Functional testing verifies that the program functions as intended (e.g., login functionality). Non-functional testing (such as load testing) verifies dependability, performance, and usability.
| Feature | Functional Testing | Non-Functional Testing |
| Purpose | Verifies that every feature of the application functions as planned. | Assesses the system’s usability, security, scalability, performance, and dependability. |
| Output | It evaluates each function’s output against the relevant requirement. | It guarantees that the system can manage requests from the real world. |
| Performance | It confirms that the application operates in accordance with the specified requirements. | It evaluates application attributes that enhance the end-user experience but are not essential to functionality. |
| Examples | Unit testing, integration testing, and user interface testing. | Performance testing, accessibility testing, and API testing. |
19. What are the advantages of automation testing?
The effectiveness and efficiency of testing can be increased with the use of automation testing. It can increase test coverage, decrease human error, and save time.
Some of the key advantages of automation testing:
- Faster feedback.
- Improved accuracy.
- Increased test coverage.
- Earlier bug detection.
- Reusability.
- Cost savings.
- Better resource allocation.
- Improved code quality.
20. What is the difference between SOAP and REST APIs?
Two methods for creating application programming interfaces (APIs) are SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (Representational State Transfer).
REST is an architectural approach that employs either JSON or XML, whereas SOAP is a protocol that uses XML. Compared to SOAP, REST is faster and lighter.
| Factor | SOAP | REST |
| Messaging | SOAP is rigid and only allows XML messaging. | REST is more flexible and allows other formats like HTML, JSON, and plain text. |
| State | SOAP requires the application server to maintain the state of each client. | REST is stateless. |
| Structure | SOAP is built around remote procedure calls. | REST is resource-based. |
| Security | SOAP has built-in security features like WS-Security. | REST lacks a standardized messaging system. |
| Reliability | SOAP has built-in retry logic. | REST mainly handles communication failures by retrying requests. |
| Application | Building APIs with SOAP is safe and appropriate for use cases requiring enterprise-level security. | REST is more adaptable and ideal for use cases requiring the transport of data in various formats. |
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Conclusion
A thorough grasp of foundational ideas, practical expertise with testing instruments, and the capacity for critical thought and problem-solving are all necessary for preparing for a software testing interview. You may confidently display your skills and get your desired position through this collection of questions for software testing interviews. If you are not yet started, enroll in our software testing courses in Chennai.
