ASP.NET is a robust framework for using .NET to create dynamic websites, web apps, and web services. Everything you need to create web apps is included in ASP.NET Core to create reliable, secure, and fast web apps that operate anywhere. Learn the fundamentals with our ASP Dot Net tutorial for beginners with examples. Explore our ASP Dot Net course syllabus.
Getting Started to ASP Dot Net Tutorial Concepts
A developer platform called .NET consists of libraries, programming languages, and tools for creating a wide range of applications. With tools and modules designed especially for creating web applications, ASP.NET Core expands the .NET developer platform. Here is the overview of this ASP.Net tutorial:
- Core ASP.Net Concepts and Architecture
- Key Technologies of ASP.Net
- Development Tools in ASP.NET
- Choosing Between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core
- Importance of learning ASP.Net
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Core ASP.NET Concepts
Industry-standard authentication protocols are supported by ASP.NET Core. Your apps are protected from cross-site request forgery (CSRF) and cross-site scripting (XSS) by built-in capabilities. Multi-factor authentication and external authentication with Google, X, and other services are supported by the built-in user database of ASP.NET Core.
- Microsoft’s web framework for creating web services and apps.
- A component of the C# and F#-compatible.NET environment.
- Both Windows-only (legacy ASP.NET) and cross-platform (ASP.NET Core).
- Web Forms, Razor Pages, Blazor, Web API, and MVC are all supported.
.NET Framework/ .NET Core/.NET:
The .NET platform serves as the foundation for ASP.NET. It is essential to comprehend the fundamentals of .NET, such as the Base Class Library (BCL) and the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The cross-platform, open-source.NET (formerly .NET Core) framework has a major influence on modern ASP.NET programming.
- .NET Framework: With its extensive feature set and compatibility with previous Windows technologies, the .NET Framework is mostly used for Windows-based applications.
- .NET Core: It is made for cross-platform development, it allows programs to run on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
- Relationship: The “.NET Standard” unites the “.NET Framework” with “.NET Core,” sharing many essential features and APIs.
HTTP Protocol
HTTP is used by ASP.NET apps. It is crucial to understand HTTP request/response cycles, headers, and methods (GET, POST, etc.).
Web browsers interact with ASP.NET applications to display content on the user’s screen through HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), the main protocol used in ASP.NET for communication between a web server and client. This protocol enables the transmission of web pages and data through requests and responses between the client and server.
- Core Functionality: ASP.NET applications are made to receive and process incoming HTTP requests according to the request method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), produce the relevant response, and then use HTTP to transmit it back to the client.
- Web Server Integration: ASP.NET programs frequently operate on a web server, such as Windows’ IIS (Internet Information Services), which controls incoming HTTP requests and directs them to the relevant program.
- HTTP Versions: Newer versions of ASP.NET, such as ASP.NET Core, fully support HTTP/2, providing enhanced performance and efficiency through features like header compression and multiplexing, whereas prior versions mainly used HTTP/1.1.
- Kestrel Server: This cross-platform web server is the default in ASP.NET Core and is capable of handling HTTP queries.
Server-Side Processing
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are produced by the server running ASP.NET code, and these are then transmitted to the client’s browser.
HTML Code:
<table id=”example” class=”display” style=”width:100%”>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>First name</th>
<th>Last name</th>
<th>Position</th>
<th>Office</th>
<th>Start date</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<th>First name</th>
<th>Last name</th>
<th>Position</th>
<th>Office</th>
<th>Start date</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
JavaScript:
new DataTable(‘#example’, {
ajax: ‘../server_side/scripts/server_processing.php’,
processing: true,
serverSide: true
});
Server-Side Script:
$table = ‘datatables_demo’;
$primaryKey = ‘id’;
$columns = array(
array( ‘db’ => ‘first_name’, ‘dt’ => 0 ),
array( ‘db’ => ‘last_name’, ‘dt’ => 1 ),
array( ‘db’ => ‘position’, ‘dt’ => 2 ),
array( ‘db’ => ‘office’, ‘dt’ => 3 ),
array(
‘db’ => ‘start_date’,
‘dt’ => 4,
‘formatter’ => function( $d, $row ) {
return date( ‘jS M y’, strtotime($d));
}
),
array(
‘db’ => ‘salary’,
‘dt’ => 5,
‘formatter’ => function( $d, $row ) {
return ‘$’.number_format($d);
}
)
);
$sql_details = array(
‘user’ => ”,
‘pass’ => ”,
‘db’ => ”,
‘host’ => ”
);
require( ‘ssp.class.php’ );
echo json_encode(
SSP::simple( $_GET, $sql_details, $table, $primaryKey, $columns )
);
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MVC (Model-View-Controller)
The design pattern known as MVC (Model-View-Controller) divides application logic into three interrelated components:
- Model: Data and business logic are represented by the model.
- View: Manages how the user sees the data.
- Controller: It is in charge of controlling user input and interacting with the display and model.
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Razor Pages
An ASP.NET Core page-focused programming paradigm that facilitates the development of web user interfaces. By consolidating the controller logic and view onto a single page, it streamlines development. A framework called Razor Pages is used to create web apps with ASP.NET Core. This page-focused method embeds C# code in HTML using Razor syntax.
- Separation of Concerns: Razor Pages promotes concern separation, which facilitates code maintenance and debugging.
- Cross-Platform Development: Model binding is available for Razor Pages on Windows, Unix, and Mac.
- Model binding: Values from HTTP requests can be mapped by Razor Pages to PageModel properties or handler method parameters.
- Tag Helpers and HTML Helpers: These are used with Razor Pages to facilitate the implementation of typical web browser patterns.
Web API
With the help of the ASP.NET Web API, you can create RESTful HTTP services that a variety of clients (such as browsers and mobile apps) can use.
Purpose: The main goal is to develop APIs that are accessible to a variety of clients, such as mobile apps and web browsers.
RESTful Design: The ability to create RESTful services utilizing the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style, which emphasizes the usage of common HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to handle data, is a fundamental component of the ASP.Net Web API.
Benefits
- Simplified Development: It offers a methodical framework for rapidly and effectively creating APIs.
- Flexibility: Able to display information from multiple sources, such as databases, services, or other programs.
- Cross-Platform Compatibility: Clients using many platforms and programming languages can access APIs developed with the ASP.Net Web API.
Blazor
A framework that uses.NET rather than JavaScript to create interactive client-side web user interfaces. With Blazor, you can use WebAssembly to run .NET code directly in the browser or on the server.
Using C#, HTML, and CSS, developers may create interactive web user interfaces using Blazor, a free and open-source platform. It is created by Microsoft and is a component of the ASP.NET Core web application platform.
- Reusable Components: Create web applications that can be accessed from both the client and the server by utilizing reusable components.
- Browser Support: For wide browser compatibility, including mobile browsers, render the user interface in HTML and CSS.
- Full-Stack Web UI: Create applications that can render content at the page or component level.
- Runs C# Code in the Browser: It allows you to reuse server-side code and libraries by providing you with client-side access to.NET.
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Key Technologies of ASP.Net
Here are the key technologies used in ASP.Net:
Routing in ASP.Net
Incoming HTTP requests are matched to the appropriate controller or action within an application via the ASP.NET routing mechanism. Users can locate pages on a website with the help of this pattern-matching algorithm.
Functions of Routing:
- A URL is entered by the user into their browser.
- The URL is matched to a route pattern by the routing system.
- The routing system sends the request to the relevant controller and action method if there is a match.
- After processing the request, the controller and action method provide the user with a response.
Benefits of Routing:
- It enables people to use URLs that have significance for them to access pages on a website.
- Search engine optimization (SEO) benefits from it.
- Applications can now accept request URLs that don’t correspond to actual files due to it.
Middleware in ASP.NET
In ASP.NET Core, middleware is a software element that handles requests and answers as they move through the request pipeline of an application.
Function of Middleware
- Every middleware component carries out a distinct function, such as managing errors, logging, or authentication.
- Request processing and response construction are based on the order of the middleware components.
- Middleware can prevent a request from moving farther down the chain by short-circuiting the pipeline.
Examples of Middleware
- HTTP queries are redirected to HTTPS Static Files via HTTPS Redirection Middleware. Static files like CSS, JavaScript, and pictures are returned via middleware.
- Requests for MVC endpoints are handled by MVC middleware.
Dependency Injection (DI) in ASP.Net
By injecting dependencies (services) into classes rather than explicitly generating them, dependency injection (DI) is a design approach that encourages loose coupling.
Benefits of Dependency Injection
- Loose Coupling: It makes it easier for classes to switch dependencies by reducing their reliance on particular implementations.
- Enhanced Testability: Individual class testing is made easier by injecting mock dependencies.
- Modularity: Promotes the division of intricate features into more manageable, reusable parts.
Implementation in ASP.Net Core
- IServiceCollection: During application setup, this is used to register services (dependencies) with the dependency injection container.
- ServiceProvider: When necessary, ServiceProvider offers a means of retrieving registered services from the container.
- Constructor Injection: The most popular method is using a class constructor to inject dependencies.
Example:
public interface ICustomerRepository
{
List<Customer> GetCustomers();
}
public class CustomerRepository : ICustomerRepository
{
// Implementation of data retrieval logic
}
// A controller that uses the customer repository
public class CustomerController
{
private readonly ICustomerRepository _customerRepository;
public CustomerController(ICustomerRepository customerRepository)
{
_customerRepository = customerRepository;
}
}
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddScoped<ICustomerRepository, CustomerRepository>();
}
Entity Framework in ASP.Net
.NET developers can interact with relational data through the Entity Framework (EF), an object-relational mapper (ORM). It is employed to construct data access layers in ASP.NET.
Benefits of Entity Framework for ASP.Net
- Cuts down on data-access code
- Boosts efficiency by allowing developers to manipulate data with objects rather than database tables and columns.
- Supports LINQ (Language Integrated Query) queries to communicate with the database.
- Changes are tracked by EF, which has the ability to persist changes made to objects back to the database.
How to Apply EF
- Set up the package EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer.
- To represent the data you wish to keep in the database, create a class.
- Create a class that represents the entity container in the conceptual model using the Entity Data Model Tools.
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Authentication & Authorization in ASP.Net
By confirming user identities and managing resource access, ASP.NET offers tools to help secure your application.
Authentication:
- Verifying user credentials against a stored record.
- Code or a third-party program, such as Microsoft Passport, can be used.
- Entering your username and password to access a website is a basic example.
Authorization:
- It entails determining whether the verified user is in the right role or has the required permissions.
- It decides what an application’s user can access.
- It includes policies, claims, and positions.
Authorization and authentication are closely connected ideas that are essential for protecting sensitive data and implementing access control.
Session Management in ASP.Net
You may keep user-specific information in between queries due to session management. The technique of safely managing several requests from a single user or entity to a web-based application or service is known as session management.
A session is a collection of HTTP requests and transactions started by the same user, and websites and browsers communicate via HTTP.
State Management in ASP.Net
Instead of persistent information on the client, ASP.NET provides you with a number of options for maintaining state information on the server. Although it can consume expensive server resources, server-based state management allows you to retain state by sending less information to the client.
View state, session state, and application state are just a few of the ways that web applications can preserve state through state management.
SignalR in ASP.Net
SignalR is a package that allows clients and servers to communicate in both directions when creating real-time web applications.
ASP.NET developers can incorporate real-time web capabilities into their projects by using the ASP.NET SignalR module. The ability to have server-side code deliver content to the linked clients in real-time as it occurs is known as real-time web capabilities.
Configuration in ASP.Net
How to manage environment-specific values, connection strings, API keys, and other application settings.
- To create and modify configuration files, use a text editor, the Web Site Administration Tool, the ASP.NET MMC snap-in, or the ASP.NET configuration API.
- To configure the program, use the Startup class’s Configure function.
- To put similar settings together, use the options pattern.
- To save application settings, use the appsettings.json file.
Logging in ASP.Net
Putting logging in place to monitor application problems and events. The console logging provider is added by the code that follows.
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureLogging(logging =>{
logging.ClearProviders();
logging.AddConsole();
})
.ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>{
webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
});
Deployment in ASP.Net
Knowing how to set up ASP.NET apps on different hosting platforms (such IIS, Azure, etc.). The process of making your web application functional and available on a hosting environment so that users from all over the world can access it is known as deployment.
Important things to think about to make sure your application functions properly, consistently, and safely in a production setting are:
- Server Preparation
- Code Deployment
- Environment Configuration
- Testing
- Document Strategy
An essential stage of the application development cycle is web application deployment. The security, availability, and general performance of the application depend on careful planning and strategic execution.
Identity in ASP.Net
The system that manages user registration, login, and other security-related duties is called ASP.NET Core Identity. The following elements allow us to carry out many kinds of procedures.
The ASP.NET Core Identity classes shown below essentially offer a variety of methods for carrying out various tasks on the Identity database.
- UserManager: This ASP.NET Core Identity class is in charge of overseeing users within the program. It offers the ability to add, edit, remove, and retrieve user data from the ASP.NET Core Identity database.
- RoleManager: This ASP.NET Core Identity class is in charge of overseeing the application’s roles. Roles can be created, updated, deleted, retrieved, and assigned to users using its functionality.
- SignInManager: This ASP.NET Core Identity class manages sign-in and sign-out procedures and offers features for external and two-factor authentication.
Development Tools in ASP.NET
The development process for ASP.NET applications is improved by the integration of Visual Studio (IDE), NuGet (package manager), LINQPad (for testing LINQ queries), ReSharper (code analysis and improvement),.NET Reflector (decompiler), Postman (API testing), NDepend (code quality analysis), and Fiddler (network debugging) with Visual Studio.
- Visual Studio: For ASP.NET programming, Visual Studio is the main Integrated Development Environment (IDE), including a feature-rich code editor, debugging tools, and project management capabilities.
- NuGet: Developers may quickly include third-party libraries and components into their ASP.NET projects with NuGet, a package manager.
- LINQpad: With support for C#, F#, and Visual Basic, LINQPad is a tool for testing and developing LINQ queries right within the development environment.
- ReSharper: An add-on for Visual Studio that provides sophisticated code analysis, refactoring, and recommendations to increase coding productivity and quality.
- .NET Reflector: A decompiler that lets programmers see and comprehend.NET assembly source code.
- Postman: Developers can perform HTTP queries and examine the answers using Postman, a well-liked tool for testing and debugging RESTful APIs.
- NDepend: A tool for static code analysis that offers information on dependencies, code structure, and quality indicators.
- Fiddler: Developers can examine HTTP traffic in detail, including headers, cookies, and content, using Fiddler, a network debugging proxy.
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Choosing Between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core
If you have an existing legacy application built on top of ASP.NET Framework and need certain features that are only available in the older framework, go with ASP.NET Framework; ASP.NET Framework is less actively developed and might not be the best option for future projects.
Key differences between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core:
| Features | ASP.NET Core | ASP.NET |
| Cross-Platform Support | It runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. | It is only for Windows. |
| Development Lifecycle | It is actively developed and receives frequent updates. | It is mostly in maintenance mode. |
| Performance | ASP.NET Core generally offers better performance due to its modular design and optimized runtime. | As it is a more monolithic architecture and dependent on the Windows-only CLR, the ASP.NET Framework may have performance issues. |
| Modern Features | ASP.NET Core integrates seamlessly with newer technologies and frameworks like Docker and modern JavaScript libraries. | As Windows is the primary platform for the ASP.NET Framework, there are no modern features. |
When to use ASP.NET Framework
- Current projects that use the ASP.NET Framework and have a sizable codebase.
- When you require functionality that ASP.NET Core does not yet fully support.
- If a significant portion of your team has worked with previous ASP.NET technologies.
When to use ASP.NET Core
Launching a new web application project, developing cloud-based apps, requiring multi-OS deployment, and giving performance and scalability first priority.
Importance of Learning ASP.NET
Gaining knowledge of ASP.NET is crucial because it offers a strong and adaptable framework for creating intricate web applications.
Its advantages include high performance, scalability, security, a large community of support, and the ability to create web user interfaces and APIs using C#.
Professional web developers find this to be a useful skill, especially when working with Microsoft technologies and creating enterprise-level applications.
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Conclusion
Knowledge with ASP.NET can lead to a variety of web development positions, especially in the field of enterprise applications. To learn ASP.NET, one must comprehend these fundamental ideas and technology covered in our ASP Dot Net tutorial for beginners. Learn the fundamentals first, then progressively move on to more complex subjects as required with our ASP Dot Net training in Chennai.
