Appium is a strong, effective, and user-friendly tool. It is a well-liked and in-demand solution for software development testing. This article will cover the most common interview questions on Appium. Get started with our Appium course syllabus.
Basic Appium Concepts
1. What is Appium and how does it work?
An open-source framework called Appium automates mobile application testing. Appium’s capabilities include automating testing for mobile, hybrid, and native web applications across several platforms, such as Windows, iOS, Android, and more.
How it operates: The architecture of Appium consists of:
- Client: Language-specific libraries that let programmers write scripts for test automation
- Server: Test commands are converted into automated actions by the server.
- End Device: Actual devices linked to the server, simulators, or emulators
2. What are the key features of Appium?
Dan Cuellar first unveiled Appium in 2011 under the moniker “iOSAuto.” It is supported by organizations like Sauce Labs and the OpenJS Foundation and is maintained by an open-source community.
Appium supports several programming languages, such as Java, Python, PHP, and Ruby. It also integrates with Jenkins and other continuous integration technologies.
Features of Appium:
- Cross-platform testing
- Support multiple programming languages.
- Native, hybrid, and mobile app support.
- Real device testing.
- Automation of mobile gestures.
- Individual Commands.
- Own CLI for driver management
- Platform-specific drivers.
3. What are the advantages of Appium?
The key advantages of Appium are as follows:
Appium’s cross-platform interoperability allows developers to create automation tests in a single language and have them run on many platforms. This saves time and effort compared to maintaining different frameworks for every platform.
Some of the advantages of Appium are:
- Free and open-source.
- Cross-platform testing.
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Record and playback options.
- Integrates with CLI tools
- Compatible with Selenium WebDriver.
4. What are the different types of mobile apps that Appium can test?
Appium can test native, hybrid, and web mobile apps.
Appium is capable of testing a wide range of mobile applications, including online, hybrid, and native apps:
- Native Apps: They can be examined using programs such as Robotium, an open-source testing tool that executes test scripts using JavaScript.
- Hybrid Apps: They can be tested using programs like TestComplete, which can be used on actual devices or emulators, and Selendroid, which supports both Android and hybrid apps.
- Web Applications: Tools such as Kobiton, a cloud platform that enables users to conduct tests on actual devices, can be used to test
5. What is the difference between Appium and Selenium?
Appium allows you to apply comparable techniques for testing mobile apps by extending the Selenium WebDriver protocol to mobile devices.
Despite being open-source test automation frameworks, Appium and Selenium specialize in various fields:
Appium: It is used to automate the testing of mobile apps, including web, hybrid, and native apps. Cross-platform testing for iOS and Android is supported by Appium.
Selenium: It is used with Selenium WebDriver, automation testing platforms, and validation to automate web application testing. Selenium offers significant language support and wide browser compatibility.
Some common differences between them:
- Use cases: While Selenium is great for online apps, Appium is superior for automating the testing of native and hybrid mobile applications.
- Features: Parallel testing in many contexts is made possible by Selenium Grid. Popular web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, are compatible with Selenium.
- Compatibility: Both programs are capable of conducting tests on many operating systems, such as Windows, iOS, and Android.
- Programming Languages: Selenium allows you to write test instructions in Python, Java, Ruby, C#, and other computer languages.
Together, Appium and Selenium can be used to track how mobile apps function on various device types. The platforms to be tested, your team’s expertise, and your project needs will all influence which framework is best for you.
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Appium Setup and Configuration
6. How do you set up Appium for testing?
Install the Appium client library, install the Appium server, configure mobile devices or emulators, select a language and framework, and create test scripts.
To prepare Appium for testing,
- Install the JDK.
- Set up NPM and NodeJS.
- Set up Appium.
- Set up AndroidStudio.
- Set up virtual devices for Android.
- Write a basic test script and run it.
7. What are device capabilities and desired capabilities in Appium?
To indicate how a test should operate and which device to use for the test, Appium uses device capabilities and desired capabilities:
Device capabilities: Choose the app to use, the mobile OS platform and version, and the device or emulator to use.
Examples
- platformName: The operating system platform for mobile devices, such as iOS or Android
- platformVersion: The OS version for a mobile device, such as 7.1 or 4.4.
- deviceName: The kind of emulator or mobile device to utilize, such as an Android emulator app or an iPhone simulator.
- app: The path of the app binary, such as a .apk file for Android, that needs to be installed on the device.
Desired capacities: To request a test automation session, a JSON object containing a set of key-value pairs is submitted to the Appium server. Performance logging, location services, and alarm handling are examples of desired capabilities.
Examples
- noReset: If the application state should be reset before the session.
- fullReset: Should a full reset be carried out?
- eventTimings: Whether to allow or prohibit the reporting of internal event timings.
- enablePerformanceLogging: Selecting whether to activate performance logging for Safari (iOS) or Chromedriver (Android).
8. How does Appium manage various screen orientations and resolutions?
We can define the preferred screen resolution and orientation using the device’s capabilities. Appium automatically modifies the way the test is executed.
In Appium, we can manage various screen orientations and resolutions by:
- Add screen orientation capability: We can include the ability to adjust the screen orientation before running the test.
- Use the “ScreenOrientation” method: We can utilize the “ScreenOrientation” method while the test is running.
- Set the device’s orientation explicitly: We can use the Appium setOrientation command to specifically set the device orientation once more if your app switches to landscape mode in between tests.
- Use automated testing tools: Appium and other automated testing tools can be used to replicate user interactions on various screens and devices.
- Use relative units in your design: Relative units such as ratios and percentages can be used to make layouts that are adaptable.
- Use tools and frameworks: Flexible layouts can be made with frameworks and technologies like Auto Layout, ConstraintLayout, or Flutter.
Additionally, we can create mobile and adaptable app layouts. Whereas adaptive layouts swap out one layout for another, responsive layouts adjust according to the amount of display area that is available.
Appium Test Automation
9. In Appium, how do you locate elements?
ID, XPath, Accessibility ID, Class Name, Android UI Automator, and iOS UI Automation are among the locator mechanisms that Appium supports.
The following techniques can be used to find elements in Appium:
- FindElement and FindElements commands: Web elements in an application or website can be found with these commands.
- Either an exception or a WebElement object is returned by the FindElement call.
- A list of WebElements is returned by the FindElements command.
- Appium Inspector: We can use the ApThe location of a mobile app element can be found using the Appium Inspector.
- UI Automator API: To find items, you can utilize the UI Automator API, specifically the UiSelector class.
- ID Locator: To make the element unique and speed up its discovery, use an ID locator.
- The Android platform’s ID locator is formatted as follows: < package-name >:id/< id-name >.
10. Explain how to handle gestures and touch actions in Appium.
Touch operations like tap, swipe, long press, and drag-and-drop can be simulated using Appium’s techniques.
Here are the best practices for handling gestures and touch actions in Appium:
- Use Touch Action Chaining: A sequence of different touch actions can be chained together.
- This enables you to construct intricate interactions by combining several movements, including different combinations of swipe, drag, and tap.
- Use Real-Device Testing: For preliminary testing, emulators and simulators are helpful, but you should also think about conducting touch action testing on real devices.
- When it comes to touch behavior and performance, physical devices may differ slightly from emulators or simulations.
- Handle Different Screen Resolutions: When testing your touch actions, make sure to use devices with different screen resolutions.
- Make sure your automated tests function properly across a range of devices and resolutions.
11. How do you handle alerts and popups in Appium?
Appium offers ways to send, reject, and accept text messages in response to popups and alarms. In Appium, you may manage popups and notifications by:
- Accept initial popups: Accept any initial popups that appear as the application loads to guarantee the automated test runs without hiccups.
- Use autoGrantPermissions: Use the autoGrantPermissions feature to automatically grant the app all permissions after installation to manage popups in Android apps.
- Use autoAcceptAlerts and autoDismissAlerts: Use autoAcceptAlerts to automatically accept all permission popups or autoDismissAlerts to automatically dismiss all permission popups when handling app permissions in iOS apps.
- Identify OK and cancel buttons: Locate the OK and cancel buttons immediately to manage alert windows on iOS devices.
12. How do you handle dynamic elements in Appium?
To deal with dynamic aspects, use polling techniques, implicit waits, or explicit waits.
When working with dynamic elements in Appium, we can use XPath locators to find the element’s stable and distinct properties, like its name, class, or ID. After that, you may match the element’s unique attribute using the XPath’s “contains” function.
The following advice will help you deal with dynamic elements:
- Make the XPath more dynamic and less prone to failure by using functions like contains() and starts-with().
- Use attributes to identify dynamic elements.
- When you attempt to find or interact with dynamic material, it might not load or be visible.
- To deal with dynamic content, use relative locators.
- Respond to alerts and pop-ups.
- For handling dynamic content, use the JavaScript executor.
- Check the dynamic text.
- The task at hand is to manage dynamic tables.
To find items, you can also use the UI Automator API, specifically the UiSelector class.
13. In hybrid applications, how do you manage context switching between native and web views?
To switch between native and web contexts, use the context() method.
WebDriverIO can be used in hybrid applications to manage context switching between native and webview in the following ways:
- Use the getContexts() function to find contexts.
- To interact with web content, switch to a WebView.
- Use the WebView context to interact with web components.
- To test native features, return to the Native View context.
14. How do you deal with unexpected problems and app crashes in Appium?
Use error-handling techniques such as retry logic and try-catch blocks. Here are some strategies for dealing with Appium’s unexpected problems and app crashes:
- Use a test watcher: A test watcher that executes when a test fails should have a check inside it. This enables you to record additional information and identify possible crashes.
- Capture logcat: Create code to record logcat from the device either continuously or sporadically.
- Remove any keywords that may indicate failures or exceptions in the logcat about your application.
- We can include the complete logcat in your test report if a crash keyword is found.
- Enable crash logs: All Appium iOS sessions by default have crash logging enabled. They are available through the App Automate dashboard.
- Download and share crash reports: Crash reports are available for download and distribution to your development team.
- Get rid of the outdated UIWebView API: We can switch to Apple’s suggested WKWebview API if your app uses the deprecated UIWebView API on iOS 14.5 or later.
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Appium Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced
Here are the popularly asked interview questions on Appium for the experienced:
Appium Advanced Concepts
15. What is Appium Inspector and how do you use it?
Appium Inspector is a tool for examining your app’s user interface hierarchy. It facilitates element identification, property analysis, and locator strategy development. It helps developers and testers automate mobile applications and troubleshoot problems.
- Identify elements: It aids in locating and interacting with an application’s text fields and picture elements.
- Create automated scripts: It creates bits of code for operations like text entry and button clicks.
- Test across platforms: It provides a consistent interface for inspecting elements on Android and iOS.
- Diagnose issues: It aids in finding bugs and diagnosing problems.
16. What are the popular ways to use Appium Inspector?
Appium Inspector can be used in the following ways:
- Inspect elements: Web-based, hybrid, and native mobile apps all allow you to examine elements.
- Interact with elements: Before automating test cases, you can engage with app elements visually.
- Write test scripts: For automated testing, you can write test scripts.
- Learn about your app: To develop tests for your app, you can use Appium Inspector to learn about it.
- Record gestures: Swiping is one of the gestures that can be recorded.
- View session information: Java code and other session details are viewable.
17. How do you use Appium for performance testing?
Integrate with performance testing tools or make use of Appium’s performance testing features.
We can install Appium to use Appium for performance testing.
- Install Apptim: Install Apptim and perform a test after an iOS app has undergone Appium Java testing.
- Review the Apptim report: Performance information, such as crash details, logs, and app performance trends, is compiled in the Apptim report.
- The report can be published to your Apptim cloud workspace or accessed locally.
- Use timestamps in your testcode: We can include timestamps in your test code both before and after an Appium session begins to assess time-to-interactivity (TTI).
- Nevertheless, Appium startup time is also measured by this method.
18. What are the major things to consider when using Appium for performance testing?
When utilizing Appium for performance testing, some additional factors to take into account are:
- Downloading the required parts: Java, Appium Server, and Appium Jar files must be downloaded.
- Installing Java: Set the environment variables after installing Java on your computer.
- Specifying desired capabilities: Give the server a set of keys and values that correspond to the requested capabilities.
19. How can CI/CD pipelines be integrated with Appium?
To automate the testing process, integrate Appium with CI/CD solutions such as Travis CI, CircleCI, or Jenkins.
Appium can be integrated with CI/CD processes in the following ways:
- Create your CI environment.
- Use Appium to create automated tests.
- Set up your pipeline for CI/CD.
- Track the outcomes of the test.
The following advice will help you integrate Appium with CI/CD pipelines:
Use a CI/CD tool: You may set up your CI/CD pipeline using tools like CircleCI, Jenkins, or Bamboo.
Configure CI/CD tool: Set up your CI/CD application to:
- Set up dependencies.
- Launch the Appium server.
- Execute tests.
- Start the test execution process automatically.
Create reliable test scripts: Popular programming languages like Java, Python, and JavaScript can be used to create test scripts.
Conduct tests on emulators and real devices: To scale testing across several devices and OS versions, use cloud testing services such as Sauce Labs or AWS Device Farm.
Examine the test findings: Verify test logs and results to make sure all tests are successful. The pipeline will stop if any tests are unsuccessful.
Maintain a balanced test suite: For exploratory scenarios, combine manual and automated testing.
Maintain a constant environment: Verify the consistency of the dependencies and configurations.
Update dependencies frequently: Keep abreast of the most recent Appium and other dependency versions.
20. What are some best practices for writing Appium test scripts?
Create strong and maintainable tests, employ the page object model design pattern, modularize test cases, and create clear and succinct code. Here are the best practices:
- Maintaining the Page Object Model: For test maintainability, encapsulate user interface components and interactions inside modular page objects.
- Behavior-Driven Approach: Establish test scenarios in conjunction with stakeholders by utilizing natural language specifications.
- Managing Native and Hybrid Apps: Use platform-specific testing techniques for mobile applications that are both native and hybrid.
- The Best Locator Approach: For effective element identification, give priority to distinct and reliable locators.
- Create and oversee test data sets to cover a range of test scenarios and edge situations.
- Parallel testing: To expedite execution, distribute tests over several devices or emulators at once.
- Dynamic Element Identification: To manage changing user interface elements, employ adaptable locator strategies.
- Session Handling and Cleanup: Use teardown techniques to release resources following the completion of tests.
- Mobile Gestures and Interactions: Use mobile gestures to replicate authentic user interactions.
- Cross-Device Testing with BrowserStack: Use BrowserStack integration to test on a variety of real devices and browsers.
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Appium Troubleshooting
21. How do you troubleshoot common Appium errors?
Look for error warnings in the Appium server, device, and test logs. To find problems, use debugging tools.
The following advice can help you troubleshoot typical Appium errors:
- Check your system: Verify that your system is configured properly, taking into account:
- XCode is updated:
- The Android SDK is set up.
- ANDROID_HOME is configured.
- Your applications’ paths are accurate.
- Check your device: Verify that your gadget is connected.
- ADB devices can be used to confirm this.
- To ensure that your device doesn’t lose connectivity because of a screen saver or lock, you may also check your developer settings.
- Restart your computer: It could be helpful to restart your computer if you recently modified environment variables.
- Switch to a new language or client: To check if the issue still exists, try utilizing a different client or language.
- Test directly with XCUITest or UiAutomator2: This can assist you in identifying whether the underlying automation technology is the problem.
- Use reliable locators: To increase dependability, use stable locators like XPath, CSS selectors, or IDs.
- Implement proper synchronization techniques: To deal with dynamic elements, use conditional expressions or explicit waits.
- Modify wait times: Change wait times to account for slower network connections or longer loading times if you’re getting a TimeoutException.
- Use proper window management: Use the appropriate window handles and put strategies in place to transition to active windows if you’re encountering a NoSuchWindowException.
- Search the Appium issue tracker: When looking for answers, the Appium community and maintainers can be a great resource.
22. What are some common Appium performance issues and how to address them?
Reduce network traffic, employ parallel execution, and optimize test scripts.
The following list of typical Appium performance problems includes solutions:
Slow interactions: Interactions with UI elements can be accelerated by:
- Make use of accessibility IDs, as they are more reliable and quicker than other locators.
- Make sure elements are completely loaded before interacting with them by using wait conditions like implicit and explicit waits.
- Turn off iOS animations while conducting tests.
Slowness: You can detect slowness in your testing by:
- To pinpoint the slowness in a certain function, use the Appium logs.
- To add timestamps to every line, launch the Appium server with –log-timestamp.
- Typing mistakes
- You can use maxTypingFrequency to change the typing speed and minimize typing errors.
Typing Errors: You can use maxTypingFrequency to change the typing speed and minimize typing errors.
Unwanted screen edge interactions: You can leave a 5-pixel buffer around the screen edges to avoid unwanted interactions.
Using XPath: XPath should only be used when a specific UI element has no ID, name, or accessibility ID assigned to it because it can be unstable and cause performance problems.
23. How do you handle flaky tests in Appium?
Make use of retry methods, implicit waits, and explicit waits. Address the underlying causes to increase test stability.
Here are some strategies for dealing with Appium’s flaky tests:
- Identify the cause: Identify the failure’s primary cause, which may include timing problems, inconsistent application behavior, or unstable networks.
- Employ retries: Use retries to run problematic test cases again to guarantee reliable and consistent results.
- Use explicit waits: To fix timing and synchronization problems, use explicit waits and timeouts.
- Isolate flaky tests: To identify and address problems without impacting the entire test suite, run problematic tests alone.
- Use detailed logging and reporting: To determine the precise cause of a test failure, use thorough logging and reporting.
- Stabilize the environment: To increase test reliability, take care of environmental aspects including server load, network stability, and system setups.
- Use reliable test data: Make use of standardized and repeatable methods for creating test data, such as mock or fixed data sets.
A flaky test shows non-deterministic behavior, which means that without modifying the code or environment, it occasionally fails and occasionally passes.
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Appium and Mobile Testing Frameworks
24. Which well-known frameworks for mobile testing are compatible with Appium?
Many well-known testing frameworks, such as TestNG, JUnit, Pytest, and Cucumber, are integrated with Appium.
Other frameworks for mobile testing consist of:
- Espresso: Google’s open-source framework for Android apps that works with both native and hybrid apps.
- Selendroid: A framework for test automation that can test native Android, hybrid, and mobile web apps and supports Android API 10 and later.
- Calabash: An open-source framework that supports both iOS and Android apps for testing native mobile applications.
- Robotium: An open-source collection of resources and instructions for testing process automation.
- UI Automator: A tool created by Google to test Android games and apps UI.
- App Center Test: Using Appium, Espresso, and XCUITest, developers can automate user interface testing for iOS and Android apps using this Microsoft cloud-based solution.
- EarlGrey: A framework for testing iOS mobile apps created by Google that provides capabilities including visibility checks and synchronization.
Additionally, Appium and Selenium can be combined to create thorough testing plans that encompass mobile and web platforms.
25. How can Appium be combined with other testing tools?
Tools like Sauce Labs, Jenkins, and Selenium Grid can all be linked with Appium.
There are several ways to integrate Appium, a cross-platform testing framework, with other testing tools, including:
- Test Frameworks: Appium can be used in conjunction with BDD frameworks like Cucumber or other test frameworks like JUnit. An organized approach to handling tests can be facilitated by this integration.
- NightwatchJS is a framework built on Node.js that automates testing mobile applications on both virtual simulators and actual devices using Appium. Additionally, NightwatchJS can:
- Configure libraries and SDKs with a single command.
- Connect to Appium Inspector
- Facilitate the execution of tests in parallel.
- CI Pipelines: CI pipelines can incorporate Appium tests to automate the evaluation process.
Appium and Security Testing
26. How is Appium security testing carried out?
To test for vulnerabilities and mimic attacks, use Appium.
Several processes can be included in security testing for mobile apps, including those that use Appium:
- Planning: Specifying the goals and extent of security.
- Configuring: Setting up the testing environment and the testing instruments.
- Vulnerability Analysis: Finding vulnerabilities using manual examination or automated scanners.
- Static and Dynamic Analysis: Performing both dynamic and static analysis (DAST and SAST).
- Penetration Testing: Finding flaws and vulnerabilities that malevolent actors could exploit is known as penetration testing.
The process of ensuring that a database, server, network, or application is free of security vulnerabilities is known as security testing. Either automatic tools or manual labor can be used.
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Appium and Accessibility Testing
27. How is accessibility testing with Appium carried out?
To test accessibility features like color contrast and screen reader compatibility, use Appium.
We can use Appium to do accessibility testing in the following ways:
- Install the Appium SDK from Evinced: The test file should include evincedAppiumSdk.analyze() to conduct an accessibility check.
- Include scrolling logic: To identify accessibility issues across the page, incorporate scrolling logic.
- Configure the OS variable for execution: In the AppiumController class, set the execution OS variable to either “ANDROID” or “IOS.”
- Create accessibility tests: Create your accessibility tests, such as determining whether a picture has an accessibility label applied.
- Employ Perfecto: Add accessibility scenarios for both iOS and Android functional tests using Perfecto, which is based on Appium.
Appium and AI/ML
28. How can Appium testing be improved with AI/ML?
Predictive analytics, visual testing, and self-healing tests are all possible with AI/ML.
- Using testing tools and frameworks that are powered by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) is the most effective method of testing a mobile application.
- These technologies monitor user behavior, forecast possible problems, and dynamically create test cases using machine learning techniques.
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Appium and Cloud-Based Testing
29. What are the advantages of Appium testing on the cloud?
Reduced infrastructure expenses, parallel testing, and access to a large variety of devices.
Appium testing on the cloud can offer numerous advantages, such as:
- Access to real devices: Real iOS and Android devices are among the many devices and environments that are accessible through cloud-based testing.
- This makes it possible to detect compatibility problems and create more realistic testing environments.
- Scalability: Distributed teams can benefit from the scalable and accessible testing that cloud-based testing offers.
- Cost efficiency: Cloud-based testing can save long-term costs associated with fixes and maintenance, even though it could be more expensive initially.
- Connectivity to CI/CD pipelines: It is possible to incorporate automated testing into the development process by integrating Appium with pipelines for Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD).
- Improved cooperation: Agile concepts and innovative testing methodologies can be supported by the collaborative platform that cloud-based testing can offer.
- Reduced errors and redundancies: When multiple teams are working on the same software, cloud-based testing can help with activity monitoring.
- Faster and more efficient testing: Testing across all devices, browsers, and operating systems may be done more quickly and effectively with cloud-based testing.
Appium and IoT Testing
30. How can IoT testing be done with Appium?
IoT devices with mobile app interfaces can be tested using Appium.
IoT testing may be done with Appium by examining how successfully a device connects to a network and sends data:
- Install Appium server: Before testing begins, install and start the Appium server on the device.
- Connect to a device: Install the relevant USB drivers on the test computer and enable USB debugging on the device.
- Write test scripts: To write Appium test scripts, start a new Eclipse project.
- Examine UI: To examine the user interface and document features for debugging, use Appium Desktop Inspector.
- Conduct tests: Rather than using simulated devices, conduct tests on actual devices.
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Appium and Specific Mobile Platforms
31. What particular difficulties arise while using Appium to test iOS apps?
Testing iOS apps necessitates a particular device configuration. When using Appium to test iOS apps, several difficulties include:
- UI Elements: As Appium uses Apple’s XCUITest framework, some UI components may not operate properly, including:
- Slow interactions with the components
- Finding components might be challenging.
- Issues with iOS transitions or animations
- Fragmentation of devices: It might be challenging to guarantee compatibility because apps can run on a variety of hardware and operating systems.
- Security: Since iOS apps frequently handle private user information, it’s critical to find and fix any security flaws.
- Installing dependencies: It can be difficult to compile the resources required to work with Appium and create test scripts.
32. What particular difficulties arise while using Appium to test Android apps?
Comprehending the Android SDK and emulator setup is necessary for testing Android apps.
When using Appium to test Android apps, several difficulties include:
- Installation and setup: Installing and configuring Appium can be challenging, and it may encounter problems such as resource crashes on startup.
- UI Components: When Appium automates iOS apps using Apple’s XCUITest framework, UI elements may cause issues.
- Duplicate or repetitive code: This may increase the probability of errors and complicate debugging.
- Test management and device fragmentation: Various device and operating system settings can be navigated with the use of cloud-based testing.
- Delivering apps with the necessary features and managing stakeholders can be facilitated by test management solutions.
- Mobile network issues: Test the app using various network bandwidths and note the response time to fix problems with mobile networks.
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Conclusion
We hope these interview questions on Appium help you ace the interviews with top companies. Gain expertise with our Appium training in Chennai to secure your career in software testing.